Car temp should not go above 92-94C if you can hook it to a OBD2 reader and get temperature readings that could tell you a lot.
Remove the thermostat and if the problem is solved then it is just a blocked thermostat valve
If there is no coolant loss it means the bubbles could be from a minor leak in head gasket (exhaust side) - sometimes the leak is just so minor that it can be hard to detect.
I would do a citric acid flush and run it with distilled water for a few days just to clear up any rusting and blockage.
Guard coolant is most likely just colored distilled water, better than nothing but still not worse than tap water.
You need to take it to a reputed workshop with a radiator service machine at the very least.
After 13 years of service it is also possible the water pump is gone bad and isn't circulating properly so the stagnated coolant boils over and over again until steam reaches the reservoir and condenses back.
In that case you will need to replace the water pump only.