its impossible to avoid potholes.
you will run into potholes sooner or later.
also bigger rims mean very low profile tyres.
nothing will save your rim getting damaged.
i have used 16" rims on my car, and i did not like the ride at all. for a daily drive its annoying. not to mention the massive price difference between smaller dia tyres and large dia tyres.
you must always remain as close as possible to the factory recommended specs for reliability.
i now use 185/70 r13 on the original steel rims, and use it quite rough without any problems at all.
maximum you should go should be 195 r 14 tyres.